Alkaline pH of Blood: Benefits

Blood pH Level - The Benefits Of Alkaline pH Blood

We are all born with a very high alkaline blood pH of 7.4. Over the years as we age this pH level gets more acidic. An acidic environment is like a magnet for all diseases. It also speeds up the aging process. So if the aging process is to be slowed down and lost years regained then one must work towards an increased pH.

Viral RNA extraction: Kit method

RNA extraction by Kit Method:

Here, I am describing the process of viral RNA extraction from QIAamp® Viral RNA extraction kit manufactured by QIAGEN®. There are so many kits available in the market for different purpose. But most of the protocols are somewhat similar in kind. If you know the procedure, you can similarly perform for others too.

Quality control in Biochemistry laboratory

Quality Assurance in the biochemistry laboratory is intended to ensure the reliability of the laboratory tests. The objective of quality assurance is to achieve reliable test results by 

• Accuracy
• Precision

Accuracy

This refers to the closeness of the estimated value to that considered to be true. Accuracy can, as a rule, be checked only by the use of reference materials which have been assayed by reference methods.

Precision

This refers to the responsibility of the result, but a test can be precise without being accurate. Precision can be controlled by replicate tests and by repeated tests on previously measured specimens. And the test result or value which we get should be closer to the previous one.

Inaccuracy and/or imprecision occur as a result of using unreliable standards or reagents ,incorrect instrument calibration, or poor technique.eg consistently faulty dilution or the use of a method that gives a reaction that is incomplete or not specific for the test.

First of all, Edward Demming gave the idea about quality control. According to him,

Improved quality=increased productivity at lower cost.

This can be done by

1. Eliminating rework
2. Save time
3. Save labour
4. Save material e.g. reagent, specimen etc.
5. Patient care.

Quality Assurance Programme Includes

• Internal quality control (IQC)
• External quality assessment (EQC)
• Proficiency surveillance
• Standardization

How to do Urine Pregnancy Test

Urine Pregnancy Test

(Human chorionic gonodotropin test)

The hCG one step test is used for the qualitative detection of human chorionic gonodotropin in urine.

Principle

Fig. Pregnancy test strips

The hCG one step pregnancy test is a rapid chromatographic immunoassay for the qualitative detection of human chorionic gonodotropin in urine to aid in the early detection of pregnancy. The test device consists of two lines for the result indication, the test line and the control line. The test line consists of combination of antibodies including monoclonal hCG antibody where as the control line consist of goat polyclonal antibodies and colloidal gold particles. When urine specimen is added in the wall of test device the specimen migrates along the membrane to react with the colored reconjugate via capillary action and form the colored line. Presence of colored line indicates positive result where as absence of colored line indicates negative result.

Reagents

The test device consists anti hCG particles and anti hCG coated on membrane.

Dipstick method for Urinalysis (MULTISTIX METHOD)

DIPSTICK METHOD OF URINALYSIS

Multistix reagent strip method

Multistix reagents are clear plastic strips. Seven different reagent areas are affixed on the strip. These different cellulose areas are impregnated with specific testing chemicals according to the test which reacts with specific substances present in urine by changing the color. Color change chart is observed and compared to the color chart for the presence of abnormal levels of substances .Special care in their use is required to prevent inaccurate results and confirmation of quantitative test is appropriate if the results from dipstick testing reveal abnormalities.

The various determinations done by multistix are

pH, Specific Gravity, Glucose, Protein, Ketones, Urobilinogen, Blood, Bilirubin

Fig. Multiple strip for Urinalysis and their interpretaiton

The reagent strips are also available for only one or two tests such as glucose, glucose and protein, glucose and ketones.